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Research

What the whale tape actually did.

Fixed, downloadable studies of recorded Polymarket and Kalshi whale trades. Each one states its window, its population, its stake assumption and its exclusions, then reports how the recorded buys settled. Numbers you can check, not a highlight reel.

How the numbers are computedLive wins and losses

Published studies

Newest first. Each study is a frozen export and is superseded, never edited.

  • August 14, 2026 to September 13, 2026Exported September 14, 2026

    Observed Kalshi and Polymarket whale outcomes

    182,259 recorded whale trades across 22,057 markets and 7,913 identified traders. 134,705 recorded buys settled at a $100 stake each, with wins, losses and gross paper PnL reported per venue.

    Kalshi win rate
    77.3%

    10,061 settled buys

    Kalshi gross PnL
    $242,597

    24.1% on stake

    Polymarket win rate
    61.0%

    124,644 settled buys

    Polymarket gross PnL
    -$21,535

    -0.2% on stake

    Read the study

What every study contains

The same structure each time, so two studies can be compared without re-reading the fine print.

  • Population

    A stated window and filter

    Detection-time boundaries in UTC, start inclusive and end exclusive. Which lane, which venues, which directions. Event, market and trader counts for the whole sample before any scoring.
  • Scoring

    Settlement at export time

    Each eligible recorded buy scored win, loss, void or unresolved using the resolutions observed when the export ran. Unresolved and void are reported, never folded into the denominator.
  • Return

    Fixed-stake paper PnL

    A flat stake at each recorded price, held to settlement. Gross PnL, return on stake and PnL per settled buy, per venue. No fees, spread, slippage or capital modelling.
  • Quality

    Exclusions with counts

    Invalid prices, unknown position changes and unverified categories are counted and shown, so a reader knows what the study could not classify rather than guessing.
  • Provenance

    Method version and hash

    The method version, source revision, export timestamp and a SHA-256 over the payload. A downloaded copy can be checked against the published one.
  • Downloads

    JSON and CSV

    The full manifest as JSON and the aggregate table as CSV, both at stable URLs under /research, both free to reuse with attribution.

How to read them

Read each venue as its own sample. Polymarket and Kalshi are collected through different pipelines with different identity models, and the whale tape on each has a different size floor, so the two columns describe two populations rather than one contest. A win rate is a win rate on buys only, because sells are never scored, and it says nothing on its own about return: the entry price decides the payoff, and the methodology shows why a 70 percent win rate at 80 cents loses money.

Watch the distinct-market count next to the event count. Ten recorded buys in one market are ten events and one outcome. A venue with many events per market is a venue where results are more correlated than the raw count suggests. And treat the unresolved share as a warning about recency: a window that ends yesterday will have many open positions, and the settled sample will lean toward markets that resolve quickly.

If you want the underlying rows rather than the aggregates, the same events are available through query_whale_events and backtest on the MCP server and REST API, where you can apply your own filters to a live copy of the history.

Frequently asked questions

What is a research snapshot?

A fixed export of recorded whale trades for a stated observation window, scored with the settlements observed at export time. It states its population filter, stake assumption, method version and export time, ships its aggregate table as JSON and CSV, and is never edited afterwards.

Why publish fixed snapshots instead of a live dashboard?

A live number cannot be cited. Settlements keep arriving, so the same window re-queried a month later gives different figures. A snapshot freezes one answer with its date so a reader can check it, quote it, or reproduce it.

Are these customer returns?

No. They are paper results on recorded trades: a fixed stake at the recorded price, held to settlement, gross of fees and slippage. They describe what the tape did, not what any account earned.

Can I download the data?

Yes. Every study links its JSON manifest and CSV table. The JSON carries a SHA-256 content hash so a copy can be verified against the published one.

How should I cite a study?

Give the study URL, the observation window, the export date, the venue, and the sizing assumption, and describe the figure as gross paper PnL on recorded whale trades. Each study page has a ready-made citation.

Run your own study on the live history.

The same events behind these snapshots are queryable in the terminal, the API and the MCP server. Filter by venue, price band, size and category, and check the holdout.

Get access

Related

  • Methodology
    How Rivo records trades, settles markets, computes paper PnL, grades traders and validates rules.
  • Kalshi whale tracker
    Live large trades on Kalshi with the trader, market, side, size, and entry price attached.
  • Polymarket whale tracker
    Real-time whale trades on Polymarket with resolved PnL and wallet history.
  • Strategy backtesting
    Score a rule against resolved Polymarket and Kalshi markets before you follow it.
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